Variant Readings in the Text of First Corinthians on the Basis of P46

Our interest in this study is a reexamination of the text of First Corinthians on the basis of P46. P46 is the symbol, agreed upon by scholars, to designate the Pauline Epistles in the Chester Beatty Collection of Biblical Papyri. It comprises manuscript no. II of the collection

Age-related impairment of human T lymphocytes' activation: specific differences between CD4+ and CD8+ subsets

The relevance of physiological immune aging is of great interest with respect to determining disorders with pathologic immune function in aging individuals. In recent years, the relevance of changes in peripheral lymphocytes in age-associated neurologic diseases has become more evident. Due to the lack of immunological studies, covering more than one event after mitogenic activation, we envisaged a new concept in the present study, aiming to investigate several events, starting from T cell receptor (TCR) ligation up to T cell proliferation. In addition, we addressed the question whether changes are present in the subsets (CD4, CD8) with aging. Phosphorylation of tyrosine residues declines with increasing age in CD4+ cells. Fewer levels of CD69 positive cells after 4 h mitogenic activation, altered expression of cytokines (IL2, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha; 22 h) and lower proliferation (72 h) were determined in aging. Moreover, it could be shown that CD8+ lymphocytes react more effectively to mitogenic stimulation with reference to CD69 expression and proliferation in both age groups (60 years old). These data indicate that T cell activation, mediated by TCR engagement, is significantly impaired in aging and both subsets are affected. However, bypassing the TCR does not fully restore T cell function, indicating that there are more mechanisms involved than impaired signal transduction through TCR only. The results will be discussed in relation to their relevance in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders

Grundschulschließungen als Katalysator von Wanderungsbewegungen?

In rural areas school closures are often linked to a decline in population. Do school closures stimulate enhanced emigration? This paper analyses whether family migration is affected by the existence of primary schools. We conduct an empirical study for the East German province Saxony-Anhalt for the period 1991 to 2008. We find that primary schools significantly affect migration behaviour. After school closure municipalities experience a decrease in in-migration. Unexpectedly, controlling for cohort size, unobserved heterogeneity as well as for neighbourhood effects yields higher out-migration prior to school closure. Because the in-migration and the out-migration are of the same magnitude, in sum school closures have no observable impact on net-migration.demographic change, school closure, migration, rural areas

Ziele und Möglichkeiten regionaler Arbeitsmarktforschung im IAB

"Die zunehmende Bedeutung regionaler Arbeitsmarktforschung verlangt eine größere Transparenz in den regionalbezogenen Forschungsvorhaben der damit befassten Institutionen. Der Aufsatz, der als Rahmenprogramm der Regionalforschung im IAB gedacht ist, soll helfen, diese Transparenz zu erhöhen. Die Bundesanstalt für Arbeit hat nach dem AFG die Aufgabe, einen hohen Beschäftigungsstand zu erzielen und aufrechtzuerhalten und die Beschäftigungsstruktur nach Gebieten zu verbessern. Sie muss also ihre Mittel, soweit möglich, regional gezielt einsetzen. Der Entscheidungsspielraum ist dabei teilweise begrenzt durch die regionalpolitischen Zielsetzungen der Gebietskörperschaften. Innerhalb dieses Rahmens kann sie jedoch eine Regionalverteilung ihres Mitteleinsatzes anstreben, die im Hinblick auf ihre Aufgaben die größtmögliche Wirkung verspricht. Das IAB versucht, der Bundesanstalt zur Lösung dieser Probleme Entscheidungshilfen bereitzustellen. Zu diesem Zwecke müssen einmal Kriterien entwickelt werden, die den arbeitsmarktrelevanten Gegebenheiten und Entwicklungstendenzen in den einzelnen Regionen Rechnung tragen. Zweitens sind Standardmethoden zur Erfolgskontrolle der einzelnen Maßnahmen zu entwickeln. Zur Erfüllung dieser Aufgaben muss eine regional gegliederte Informationssammlung aufgebaut werden, durch die es möglich wird, Lage und Entwicklung von Wirtschaft und Arbeitsmarkt in den einzelnen Regionen zu diagnostizieren und vorauszuschätzen. Schon vom Umfang der erforderlichen Datensammlung her wird es kurzfristig noch nicht möglich sein, eine umfassende regionalpolitische Orientierungshilfe zu liefern. Für Einzelprobleme können jedoch schon jetzt und in naher Zukunft verstärkt Entscheidungshilfen beigebracht werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)Arbeitsmarktforschung, Regionalforschung, IAB, Forschungsprogramm

Do You Know Your Terms? - A Procedure Model for Terminology Management

Due to the extensive development und use of information technology, a lot of companies gained access to vast internal and external information sources. Yet nonetheless, efficiency when dealing with information and trying to find the right content is not on an appropriate level. Managing terms and classifying information has a long tradition in Knowledge Management, namely by the usage of glossaries and taxonomies as two instruments of Terminology Management. But even with today’s portals, search engines and auto-classifiers, it does not work without human interaction and high costs. Therefore, we propose a procedure model for Terminology Management to build up and maintain glossaries and taxonomies. To discover the evidence of our approach three action research cases have been analysed. The first focuses on the introduction of a glossary for a Swiss insurance company whereas the second case illustrates the initial activities and results for setting up a corporate taxonomy at an international professional services firm. Based on the learnings we developed a prototype (third case) which combines glossary and taxonomy for document classification and retrieval. We conclude that only a well suited trade-off between centralized and decentralized Terminology Management activities will be sustainable